- ὀδύνη
- ὀδύνηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `pain, torment, harm, sorrow' (Il.).Other forms: mostly pl. -αι.Compounds: As 2. member, e.g. περι-ώδυνος `very sore, painful' (Hp., Att.; -ω- comp. lengthening with περιωδυν-ία f. (Hp., Pl.), -έω, also (after ὀδυνάω) -άω (medic.); rarely as 1. member as in ὀδυνή-φατος (ὀδυνήφατα φάρμακα Ε 401 = 900, also ὀ-ον ῥίζαν Λ 847; after this Orph. L. 345, 753) `pain-killing, -stilling', poet. incidental formation after ἀρηΐ-φατος a.o., but with remarkable active meaning (cf. Chantraine Sprache 1,145; after Risch $ 73 a prop. a consonantstem).Derivatives: ὀδυν-ηρός, Dor. -ᾶρός `dolorous, sorrowful' (Pi., Att.), -ωδῶς adv. `sorrowfully' (Gal.), -αίτερος `more painful' (Hp.) as from *ὀδυναῖος after σχολαίτερος (: [σχολαῖος :]σχολή) a.o. (Schwyzer 534); ὀδυνάω, -άομαι, rarely with ἐξ-, κατ-, `to hurt, to grieve; to be hurt, to suffer pain' (IA.) with ὀδυνήματα pl. `pains' (Hp.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [289; to be corrected] *h₃dwon- `pain'Etymology: Beside IA. ὀδύνη (orig. pl. tant. ?; Witte Glotta 2, 18f.) stands Aeol. (Greg. Cor. 597) ἐδύνας (acc. pl.); the vowel change can go back on old ablaut or on vowel-assimilation (ε \> ο before υ; cf. Schwyzer 255). Both forms are ᾱ-enlargements of a verbal noun in -u̯en- : -un- from ἐδ- `eat' (curae edaces Hor., Lith. ėdžiótis `trouble oneself' beside ēdžióti `devour, bite', to ė́sti `eat'; on it Fraenkel Wb. s. v.), to which the ablauting -u̯er- : -u̯r̥-: -ur- in εἶδαρ \> *ἔδ-Ϝαρ `eating, food' (s. on ἔδω, with Skt. cognates) and ὀδύρομαι (s. v.). A further representative of this noun is Arm. erkn, gen. erkan `birth-pain, heavy pain' from *ed-u̯ōn or *ed-u̯ēn, s. Frisk Etyma Armen. 11 ff. w. details. -- Not wit L. Meyer 1, 523 f. and Prellwitz to δύη. However the initial was h₃-, as in ὀδών (s.v.); cf. Beekes in Kortlandt, Armeniaca Cf. ὠδίς.Page in Frisk: 2,350-351
Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό). Robert S.P.. 2010.